Language Structure
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    • Sentence level
    • Clause level >
      • Adverbial Complement
      • Objective Predicative (Po)
    • Phrase level
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  • Noun Phrase
    • Complex Noun Phrases
    • (un) Countable nouns
    • Apostrophe
    • Irregular-foreign plurals
    • Articles and nouns
    • Collective nouns
    • that or which ?
  • Verb Phrase
    • Finite (non-finite) verbs
    • Lexical-Auxiliary verb
    • Modal auxiliares
    • Marginal modals
    • Tense and Aspect
    • Mood
    • Passive-active
    • Progressive-simple
  • Word Class
    • Adjectives
    • Adverbs
    • Adverbial
    • Pronouns
  • Other stuff
    • Numerals
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    • that Clauses
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    • Cleft Sentence
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    • Ellipted Subject
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List of abbreviations

List of abbreviations

sentence level
simple SIM
compound COM
complex CLX
compound-complex COM-CLX

independent or main clause Main
dependent or subordinating clause Sub

clausal level
finite clause  FC
 nonfinite clause  nFC
that finite clause that FC
relative clause Rel Cl


​
clausal elements/functions
subject S
predicator P
direct object Od
indirect object  Oi
subject complement sC
object complement oC
adverbial A
adverbial complement
aC



functions within NP

determiner  det
pre-modifier  pre-mod
head H or head
post-modifier post-mod

phrase level
noun phrase NP
verb phrase VP
adverbial phrase AdvP
adjective phrase AdjP
prepostion phrase 
PP



​
Please note, in Estling's University Grammar of English, the terminology used is slightly different and corresponds as follows

=  V  
=  do
​=  iO
=  Ps predicative subject 
=  Pc 
predicative object

word classes
lexical verb V (lex)
auxiliary verb  V (aux)
finite verb V(fin)
non-finite verb V(non-fin)
conjunction (conj)
subordinating conjunction (sub conj)
auxiliary verb (aux)
modal auxiliary verb  (mod aux)

article art
adjective adj
adverb adv
preposition prep or P
pronoun 
pro
​

This website contains all the video tutorials and information directly useful for the various chapters of the course textbook.
  • Home
    • Contact
    • About me
    • How to study grammar
    • Learning method
  • Essentials
    • Abbreviation List
    • Sentences used for study
    • Levels of analysis
    • Finite (non-finite) verbs
    • Head of subject
    • Function & form
    • P at clause level
    • Clausal patterns
    • Sentence vs clause
    • Basic syntax trees
  • Levels of analysis
    • What is grammar?
    • Sentence level
    • Clause level >
      • Adverbial Complement
      • Objective Predicative (Po)
    • Phrase level
    • Word level
    • More syntax trees
  • Noun Phrase
    • Complex Noun Phrases
    • (un) Countable nouns
    • Apostrophe
    • Irregular-foreign plurals
    • Articles and nouns
    • Collective nouns
    • that or which ?
  • Verb Phrase
    • Finite (non-finite) verbs
    • Lexical-Auxiliary verb
    • Modal auxiliares
    • Marginal modals
    • Tense and Aspect
    • Mood
    • Passive-active
    • Progressive-simple
  • Word Class
    • Adjectives
    • Adverbs
    • Adverbial
    • Pronouns
  • Other stuff
    • Numerals
    • Prepositions
    • non Finite Clauses
    • that Clauses
    • Uses of IT
    • Cleft Sentence
    • Conjunctions
    • Ellipted Subject
    • Fixing your writing >
      • Sentence overload
      • Run-on & Comma Splice
  • Send-in Tasks
  • Self-Study Tasks
  • Online seminars
  • Exam(s)
    • Exam questions
    • Exam Preparation
  • Course Info-schedule