Using Apostrophes (genitive)

The apostrophe is probably the most abused punctuation mark in the English language. Not only student essays but also street signs, advertisements, and shop windows reveal that few people know how to use the apostrophe. The apostrophe has two, and only two, uses: to show possession and to indicate the omission of letters or numbers.  Download this useful .pdf if you wish.

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To show possession
​Possessive common nouns are nouns or pronouns that own other nouns. Apostrophes are then used to indicate this possession.

If the noun does not end in -s then add -'s.

• The cycle's handlebars were bent in the crash. 
• The girl's sister traveled by train to meet them.

If the noun is singular and ends in -s, then add -'s, like this:​

• My boss's job at the firm was eliminated due to cuts. 
• The class's average grade was excellent.

If the noun is plural and ends in -s, add only an apostrophe.

• The giant's shoes stuck out from the car window.
• Both bananas' peels had turned brown.

If the noun is plural and does not end in -s, add -'s.

• The children's performance received a standing ovation.
• The geese's precise flying formation is amazing.

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To indicate the omission of letters or numbers​
​Contractions are shortened versions of words or phrases often used for casual speech or writing. For the most part, avoid the use of contractions in formal and professional writing. When writing a contraction, remember ... an apostrophe marks the place where letters have been omitted.

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After viewing the video lecture, check you understanding with these self check quizzes  
Apostrophes 1   &    Apostrophes 2

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