That clauses & other uses of that too

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A that clause  as an OBJECT (O)

• I (S)  believe (P)  that he is innocent.  (O)
• She (S)  said (P)  that she can speak three languages. (O)
• I (S) suspect (P)  that she eloped with her boyfriend (O)

A that clause  as a SUBJECT (S)

• That she would forget me so soon (S) was (P)  a shock (O)
• That she delivered a marvelous performance (S) pleased (P) her parents (O)

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that as a relative pronoun 

that as a demonstrative pronoun

An important type of that usage is in the RELATIVE CLAUSE used to post-modify a noun..

• The man that lives beside us is ill
• The video that you recommended was terrific

The demonstrative pronouns this/that/these/those tell us where an object is located and how many objects there are. This and that are used to point to one object. This points to something nearby, while that points to something “over there.”

• That car is mine
• I do not know that person

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Distinguishing between used as a pronoun, and used as a subordinating conjunction